Modern industry and technology development are inseparable from diamond

2021-05-09

Abstract: Diamond is a rare mineral in nature. It was discovered in India as early as 3,000 BC and is an ancient crystal with mysterious legends. Through thousands of years of unremitting technical exploration and observation, it is gradually recognized that diamond is a kind of force, electricity, light, heat, sound and many other characteristics. It is a material that is unmatched by any other materials known so far. This is precisely the combination of these valuable and outstanding characteristics, which makes its use become the material of the material, with the style of material king. Although thousands of years have passed away, and it can be called the ancient diamond crystals, it has always been youthful, and its longevity and longevity serve the boundless realm of human society. Therefore, we will give it a reputation of “Longevity and Nothingness”. The modern industrial and technological development described in this paper is inseparable from the fact that diamond is a topic with a very wide range and very rich content. Due to the limitations of the editing, it is impossible to explain it here, so it is only a point to come.

Keywords: diamond modern industry and technology are inseparable
Diamond, also known as diamond from Greek Adamds, means unconquerable or insurmountable.
As is well known, the material is divided into three major categories, namely hard ceramics, conductive metals and soft plastics. However, diamonds are not traditional materials, and their properties are extraordinary and become the ultimate material king.
The extreme nature of diamond has the demeanor of the king, so its use becomes the ultimate in materials. Diamond not only surpasses traditional materials in performance, but diamond is the only capable in many applications. Industrial diamonds are cutting-edge materials for various industries and are alternatives that cannot be replaced.
Table 1, the nature of the ultimate material diamond and the application of the highest sound speed - the maximum hardness of the tweeter - the highest sharpness of the superabrasive - the strongest compression of the surgical blade - ultra-high voltage machine super semiconductor - high-speed chip optimal thermoelectric - the fastest heat transfer of the solar cell - scattered Sub-interface high refractive index - optical lens radiation resistance - particle detection high resistance value - insulating substrate ultimate corrosion - chemical film negative negative electrical properties - field emitter low friction resistance - bearing sliding surface temperature difference - high speed Radar low thermal expansion rate - drilling silicon wafer
As can be seen from the above, no other substance can have so many advantages. Therefore, diamond will eventually become the most useful industrial material. If the application of diamond materials can be popularized, it will bring the human material civilization to the peak and enter the eternal "diamond era." Since there is no substance that can replace diamond, the “Diamond Age” will no longer be replaced. With the advancement of human science and technology, new materials have been developed in every era. The following are some of the more typical examples of applications in the modern industrial sector.
1. Research on high-precision and ultra-high-precision super-hard material abrasive belts. Modern material processing is generally developing in the direction of high precision, high efficiency and special purpose, especially in the fields of national defense industry, integrated circuit, information technology industry, etc. Ultra-precision grinding has a great effect on improving product performance. At present, precision grinding usually refers to a machining technique with a machining accuracy of 3 to 0.3 μm and a surface roughness of Ra 0.3 to 0.03 μm. Ultra-precision grinding requires a machining accuracy of 0.3 to 0.03 μm and a roughness of Ra 0.03 to 0.005 μm. Due to the basic characteristics of superhard material abrasive belts, its application to precision and ultra-precision grinding is one of the main directions in the future. Therefore, the development of ultra-hard material abrasive belts for precision and ultra-precision grinding is inevitably the main research direction in the future. ;
2. With the continuous development of modern mechanical processing and the continuous emergence of various new materials, the requirements for processing precision and surface roughness are getting higher and higher, corresponding advanced grinding technology and abrasive tools, especially coated abrasives. More efficient, long life and ultra-precision development. The development and use of superhard material coated abrasives has risen quietly, and the occupation rate in coated abrasives has increased year by year. It has been obtained in the special processing fields of difficult-to-machine materials such as automobile, electronics industry, glass, gemstone, stainless steel and hardened steel. The application. In the foreign automobile industry, the polishing of automobile bodies and the machining of crankshafts and camshafts of engines are all made of high-grade coated abrasives, and a large proportion of them are coated with abrasive materials.
3, CVD diamond film material is the most promising functional material in the 21st century. Using high-quality CVD diamond film with excellent performance instead of natural diamond to make ultra-precision tools can reduce production cost, break the monopoly of foreign technology, and reduce the domestic precision processing field. The dependence of foreign technology. Ultra-precision diamond tools are widely used in the military field for the processing of precision instruments such as aerospace instrument bearings, radar waveguides, optical components, and high-energy smokers. In the civilian field, such as the processing of contact lenses, ophthalmic surgery, human organ transplantation, a variety of new product decoration processing, etc., is an indispensable tool in ultra-precision manufacturing.
Table 2 Ultra-precision machining applications
4. With the development of China's automobile industry, the total number of automobiles has been growing, and it has become a major consumer of lubricants. The consumption of petroleum resources is growing rapidly, the total amount of resources is decreasing, and environmental protection issues are becoming increasingly prominent. In order to meet the requirements of saving oil, adding friction modifier can reduce friction and reduce frictional resistance, which will be an effective way to improve fuel economy. At present, the conventional oil change period pushed by domestic automakers is 5000km, and the extension of the oil change period is a development trend. The engine oil developed by using nano-diamond as anti-friction anti-wear agent can increase the load of the bite by 2.7 times, the card biting time by 50.8 times, and the oil temperature by 16°C, the average fuel saving is up to 11.96%, and the oil consumption period is extended to More than 15 000km [3]. China's environmental regulations and engine oil standards are in line with international standards. It is imperative to develop medium and low SAPS (sulphatedash, phosphorous and sulphur) with independent intellectual property rights, that is, low-sulfate ash, phosphorus and sulfur content energy-saving, environmentally friendly, long-life engine oil. The development of new additives with better anti-wear properties to replace traditional ZDDP additives is an effective way to reduce engine oil sulfur. Nano-diamond can produce medium and low SAPS energy-saving, environmentally friendly, long-life engine oil, which fully meets the development trend of new engine oil. 5. Due to its thin thickness, high precision, good rigidity, sharp cutting, narrow workpiece slit and material loss. Less, good surface quality and other features. Therefore, the high-precision ultra-thin superhard material cutting wheel (diameter 50-200mm, thickness of pregnancy pressure 0.1-1.0mm, thickness tolerance ±0.002~0.005mm, parallelism or flatness less than 0.002~0.005mm, inner hole precision is H6, concentricity <0.01mm) is widely used in the related industries of computer, microelectronics, optoelectronics, communication and other electronic information fields. It is used for precision micro-cutting and slotting of precious semiconductor materials, magnetic materials, superconducting materials and brittle materials, and is an indispensable necessity in the manufacture of computer hard disks and floppy disks, large-scale integrated circuits, optical communication components and mobile communication devices. High-end tools. The countries with foreign ultra-thin manufacturing technology are mainly developed countries with leading electronic and electronic information technologies such as Japan and the United States, and the technology is in the stage of blockade monopoly. Therefore, to a certain extent, it restricts the rapid update and development of China's electronic information products, and also affects the economic efficiency of enterprises in this field [4].
6, high-precision ultra-thin super-hard material cutting wheel is developed with the precision manufacturing industry, especially the development of electronic components to precision, high efficiency, low-cost processing direction. The main features of this type of grinding wheel are: high precision, can be used for precision machining, reduce processing steps, improve production efficiency; thin thickness, can be used for micro-machining, also help to save valuable materials, reduce consumption; good rigidity, can guarantee the cutting of workpieces Accuracy; strong wear resistance, which can reduce production costs. With the rapid development of the IT and IC industries, the demand for this type of grinding wheel is increasing day by day [4+].
7. Since the beginning of the new century, vigorously developing efficient manufacturing technology and equipment has become a strategic decision of all countries in the world. The main basic process of cutting processing for manufacturing technology has also achieved rapid development in recent years. Advanced cutting processes such as high-speed cutting, precision cutting, hard cutting, dry cutting, and green cutting have emerged. Diamond tools and their cutting are one of the cores. Technology is especially respected. Diamond cutting tool is an ideal cutting tool with high hardness, high wear resistance and high heat transfer. It has the advantages of high precision, high efficiency, long life and low consumption. It is especially suitable for high-speed precision and automatic processing of non-ferrous metal materials. Cars, milling and grinding, have been widely used in automotive, aerospace, precision machinery, home appliances, wood and other industries. For example, the use of polycrystalline diamond tools to fine-tune silicon carbide materials automotive piston pin holes, durability of more than 40,000, is 90 times that of the original carbide tools, the surface roughness of the workpiece is reduced by 80%, while reducing the tool change Auxiliary time reduces processing costs [5].
8. Metal bond diamond tool is an ideal tool for glass processing because of its good thermal conductivity and long working life. Due to the brittle, hard, brittle and collapsed, amorphous, soft (melting) temperature of the glass material, the requirements for diamond tools are relatively high, and it is required to satisfy both "smoothness (surface roughness) and sharpness ( (Efficiency), wear resistance (life)" assessment requirements of the three indicators. Foreign glass processing machinery is developing in the direction of high intelligence, high precision, high rigidity (strength), high speed (efficiency), multi-function, and fully automatic. The domestic medium and high-grade glass processing machinery has gradually introduced and formed the ability to impact the international market, and the international market share has been continuously expanded, bringing a growing international market for high-performance diamond tools. "To maximize the performance of the customer's machine" is the goal of high-end tools and a prerequisite for entering the international high-end market. With the technological advancement of deep processing machinery at home and abroad, the prosperity and development of the glass deep processing industry, diamond tools will usher in a good opportunity for development, which is a good opportunity for such tools to enter the international market and become the world's "manufacturing center" [6].
9. In 2007, the application of wire saw technology in domestic marble and granite mining mines developed rapidly, close to 100 mines. The beaded wire saw roughly estimated that the output in 2007 exceeded 400,000 m, the output value exceeded 100 million yuan, and the export accounted for 12%. 15%. According to foreign customers, the quality of China's diamond bead wire saws is close to the international advanced level, high cutting efficiency, stable performance, high cost performance, but the working life is slightly lower, generally 1 ~ 2m2 / m lower than the European advanced countries. China's stone reserves rank first in the world, and stone processing capacity and total export volume have leapt to the top in the world. The demand and price of the domestic and international stone market continue to rise, creating favorable conditions and rare opportunities for the development of the super-hard material tool industry. At present, China is in the middle stage of industrialization, and the development of superhard materials and tools industry must also take a new industrialization road with high technology content, good economic benefits, low resource consumption, less environmental pollution, and full utilization of human resources [7]. With the rapid popularization and use of diamond wire saw machinery and diamond wire saw cutting technology, China's stone block material mining has entered the era of diamond wire saw, diamond wire saw manufacturing enterprises have achieved unprecedented development.
10. As we all know, microwave technology is widely used in measurement, radar, remote control, television, radio astronomy, microwave spectroscopy, microwave relay communication, satellite communication, particle accelerator and other fields. It is worth noting that the diamond microwave transmission window is a key component of the ongoing nuclear fusion test in Germany and Japan, and is also an important component of the international thermonuclear test reactor being built in France. The diamond microwave transmission window can handle more than 1 MW of microwave power, which is more than twice as large as the transmission window of any other material. Therefore, it is possible to cause a major change in microwave power electronic equipment [8].
11. At present, the application of high-power semiconductor devices is mainly in power transmission and distribution, traction power of aircraft wheels and ships, aircraft engine control, industrial power supply and automation. It is very difficult to reduce the weight and volume of the power electronic converter by using the existing silicon semiconductor technology and to work at high temperature, the key is high temperature resistance. CVD diamond semiconductors can operate at much higher temperatures than silicon. However, existing silicon power semiconductor devices are limited by their physical properties and economical use, such as high frequency range, maximum voltage capacity in the power-off state, maximum operating temperature, and radiation sensitivity. Solid-state circuit devices fabricated from such wide-bandgap materials using CVD diamonds have superior characteristics to those of silicon devices, potentially improving existing electrical designs and circuit layouts, thereby affecting the future power electronics architecture of the aerospace industry.
12. As an excellent glass cutting tool, the cutter wheel made of polycrystalline diamond is mainly used for high-precision and high-quality cutting of liquid crystal glass in the electronics industry. At the same time, it can cut the building and the glass for the automobile. It is ordinary glass. An ideal replacement for knives and carbide glass cutter wheels. Both the mandrel and the cutter wheel are polycrystalline diamond materials, which have the advantages of high processing precision, wear resistance and good consistency.
13. With the rapid development of China's information industry semiconductor industry, China's integrated circuit (IC) industry has grown rapidly, providing a huge potential market for semiconductor silicon material processing. There are multiple links in semiconductor processing, and diamond tools are used in multiple processes, such as ingot cutting, wafer cutting, CMP chemical mechanical polishing pad trimming, wafer chamfering, back thinning and slicing. The diamond tool for semiconductor processing is a high-precision machining tool. It adopts ultra-fine diamond, ultra-thin cutting edge, ultra-high-speed grinding and sawing, and requires high processing precision. Therefore, it is difficult to manufacture and has high technical threshold. At present, it is mainly for foreign diamond manufacturing. Commercial control [9].
14. The number of repairs and renovations of highways and airports in the world, construction and expansion of construction projects is increasing, and there is an urgent need for safe and reliable dry-cut diamond tools to meet the needs of users and engineering. Laser-welded diamond tools have large weld penetration. The weld has a large aspect ratio and does not require welding fillers. Sintered saw blades, high-frequency welding tools have been unable to meet this requirement. Therefore, the laser welding diamond tool has been rapidly developed. In addition, the laser welding speed is fast, the heat application area is small, the cooling speed is fast, and the laser beam is easily transmitted in space. Therefore, laser welding is also easy to achieve automation and high efficiency and high precision production.
15. Since the late 1990s, various types of CVD diamond materials and related tool products have begun industrial production and are expanding the scale of industrialization. The field of CVD diamond applications is expanding, and various forms of CVD diamond products are being developed. Gradually from the laboratory research phase to the industrialization of practical applications. Due to its unique mechanical, optical, electrical and acoustic properties, CVD diamond film materials can be applied to the communication, electronics, microwave and other fields of the present and future, so its application prospects and potential markets are extremely broad. It is believed that the application of CVD diamond and its tools It will definitely play a significant role in the development of the world economy [10].
16. High-speed grinding wheels should also have good wear resistance. The abrasives commonly used in high-speed grinding wheels are diamond and CBN. These two super-hard abrasives have superior performance and complement each other in the application range. Therefore, the superabrasive grinding wheel made of them can be applied to the processing of almost all difficult-to-machine materials including various high-hard, high-brittle, high-strength and tough materials, and greatly promotes the development of high-speed grinding. application. Dr. T. Tawakoli, a famous German grinding expert, called it “the highest peak of modern grinding technology”. The International Society for Production Engineering (CIRP) has identified it as one of the central research directions of the 21st century [11].
17. The production of silicon materials and the level of silicon wafer production represent the scale and technological level of an IC manufacturing industry. Compared with developed countries, China still lags far behind the developed countries in wafer processing, and imports wafers and wafer processing equipment. . Research on wafer cutting technology has important economic and social significance. As the output of integrated circuits increases year by year, the lithographic lines become thinner and thinner, the chips become thinner and thinner, and the geometrical precision requirements for the processed wafers, the residual stress on the ingot, the microscopic quality of the surface, the subsurface and deep mechanical damage, etc. High-tech requirements are listed in important positions [12]. With the rapid development of the semiconductor industry, the wafer diameter is getting larger and larger. At present, an ingot with a diameter of 400 mm has been produced. For wafer processing with large diameter (ф ≥ 200 mm) and small thickness (thickness ≤ 0.3 mm), the inner circle is cut from The output and capacity are far from meeting the production requirements. Especially with the development of VLSI, the penetration of information technology (IT) in various fields of society, the demand for chips is increasing, people are considering adopting more efficient cutting equipment. The wire saw came into being. The quality of the silicon wafer cut by the wire saw is more satisfactory, and the yield can be improved. In addition, wire cutting has the advantages of high productivity and low slit loss [13].
18. Ceramic bond grinding wheel has been widely used in the grinding of diamond tools, cubic boron nitride tools, hard alloys, cermets, ferrites, cast irons, gemstones, ordinary ceramics and new engineering ceramic materials. Precision grinding of chrome-hardened steel bearing rollers, crankshafts for automobiles and tractors, and gear necks for hydraulic pumps. Therefore, the ceramic bond diamond grinding wheel has more and more obvious advantages in the field of material grinding, and has a good prospect in the diamond grinding wheel.
19. Nano-diamonds have recently emerged as additives for running-in oils for internal combustion engines. The use of nano-diamonds as an additive is like installing an "ultra-miniature bearing" on the surface of the engine, thereby turning the original sliding friction into rolling friction, which reduces the friction coefficient by more than 20 times. The "ball bearing structure film" not only has high strength but also has "ultra-micro" characteristics, so it will never block the oil pipeline, and the precision engine can be used with confidence. "Nano-ball" has a speed of several meters per second, which plays a maintenance role on the metal surface to prevent the precipitation of the gel, thereby improving the oxidation resistance of the lubricating oil and prolonging the oil change period by more than twice.
20. Among the new nanomaterials, one of the most promising potentials in the world, there is a nanocatheter that uses diamond as a surface coating. This nanocatheter is like a common ice cream on the market, wrapped in 20 to 100 nm thick diamond material. This new material is an ultra-thin Cold Emission Display (FED) in the electronics industry and is a new type of self-illuminating flat panel display. Plasma display (PDP) includes the display of plasma TVs currently on the market. It is produced by plasma bombardment of fluorescent screens. Plasma generation requires high temperature and high energy, so the operating voltage is high, energy consumption is high, and manufacturing and use costs are high. In line with the development trend of environmental protection. The FED uses a cold cathode electron source with low power consumption, self-illumination, wide operating temperature range, and operating voltage of only 1kV. These advantages are not possible with plasma displays and CTR displays. Therefore, it is considered to be the best in the next generation of displays, and the diamond film is an important candidate for the most important cold cathode material in the display. It is expected to become the star of the next generation display [14].
21. The composite of materials is an inevitable trend of material development. Composite coating has become one of the research hotspots in the field of surface engineering. For example, the textile parts of textile enterprises adopt ordinary nickel plating process, and the wear resistance is insufficient. For example, the electroplating composite plating process using nano-diamond suspension as an additive makes the hardness of the parts significantly improved, the wear resistance is doubled, and the resistance is good. Grinding and reducing the effect of the product, the product life is generally increased by 2 to 3 times [15].
22. At present, in order to adapt to the needs of modern warfare, countries around the world have increased their strength in military confrontation, and stealth technology has been regarded as an important research object. Stealth materials occupy an important position in stealth technology. A small amount of nano-diamond is suspended in the paint and applied to aircraft, tanks, missiles, and warships, which can play an invisible anti-corrosion effect.
23. The size of nanoparticles is generally much smaller than that of red blood cells and red blood cells in living organisms. This provides a new research approach for biological research, namely, the use of nanoparticles for cell separation, cell staining, and the use of nanoparticles to make special drugs. Or topical antibodies for topical treatment. Due to its good compatibility, nanodiamonds are of great use in the biomedical field.
24. Precision diamond wheel is an indispensable tool for ultra-precision machining of hard and brittle materials. With the rapid development of China's economy and industrial upgrading, precision machining tools and process technologies with independent intellectual property rights are urgently needed to break through. Therefore, the manufacture and finishing of precision diamond grinding wheels and the in-depth study on the grinding of different hard and brittle materials grinding machines are important ways to improve the level of semiconductor and precision tool manufacturing industry in China [16].
25. In the Western developed countries, from the purpose of human health and the environment, the use of abrasive materials such as low-hard material sand and abrasive belts has been gradually used to replace ordinary abrasive coated abrasives such as corundum and silicon carbide. Abrasive cloth and abrasive belt made of super-hard materials not only have long service life but also very little dust in use, which meets the requirements for stricter human health and environment [17].
26. Oilfield drilling is particularly prosperous. Chengdu Baishite Diamond Bit Company is the leader in the rising star of China's PDC Bit Company. The company's drill bits have outstanding performance in land, sea, domestic and foreign oil and gas drilling. For example, Sinopec Group has deployed a key area in the western part of the Tarim Basin. It is located in the Cambrian Jianlong in the eastern part of the Akekule bulge in the Shahe uplift of the Tahe Oilfield. The depth of the well is 8000m, and it was drilled on April 6, 2005. The drilling was completed on July 12, 2006, lasting 462.10 days. The average well drilling speed of the whole well was 2.6m/h. The deep well 1 is the ultra-deep well drilling project with the highest drilling depth and drilling difficulty in Asia [18].
27. The wood processing industry is an important area for PCD tool applications. Artificial boards that have been widely used recently have been significantly different from traditional wood. Synthetic sheets are, in a sense, a concept of synthetic resins that are processed differently from wood in the traditional sense. The rapid development of man-made boards, especially the development of man-made boards such as medium-density fiberboard, plywood, particleboard and laminate flooring, has accelerated the demand for super-hard tools, which will gradually replace traditional woodworking tools. Since the introduction of China's laminate flooring in the 1990s, it has been welcomed by users for its wear resistance, waterproof and moisture resistance, corrosion resistance and ease of installation. However, the particularity of its structure determines the requirements of the tool for the particularity of the tool. The outermost layer of Al2O3 has a great influence on the wear of hard-top alloy tools. The use of PCD tools can effectively solve this technical problem [19-21].
28, drawing die is a very important mold for various metal wire manufacturers to draw wire. Polycrystalline diamond wire drawing die has the advantages of low processing roughness, good wear resistance, isotropy and long life. When pulling the same diameter copper wire, its service life is 300-500 times of the life of the cemented carbide mold, 80-100 times when pulling the nickel wire, 50-80 times when pulling the molybdenum wire, when pulling the carbon steel It is 20 to 60 times. With the development of science and technology and industrial production, the types of polycrystalline diamond wire molds are also increasing. In addition to the usual wire and cable drawing, there are also precision inner lead molds such as motors, electrical appliances, transformers, etc. Gold wire drawing die), stainless steel, alloy steel molds (such as disposable injection needle drawing die), etc. [22].
29. It is well known that high-strength, lightweight structural materials are essential materials for the manufacture of aircraft, such as metal matrix composites (MMCs) and carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFPs) based on aluminum alloys or titanium alloys. The world's largest passenger aircraft, the Airbus A380, has successfully conducted intercontinental trials. The aircraft uses a new generation of high-strength light-weight materials, of which CFPs account for 22% of the structure's weight. The use of this ultra-light material reduces fuel consumption by 12% per seat, and its benefits are unimaginable compared to traditional iron or aluminum alloys. The Airbus A380 is a two-story cabin structure. The CFP floor bolster of the upper compartment must be connected to the aluminum rib of the load-bearing structure. At first, only 90 holes were drilled with the uncoated drill bit, and then the drill drill reinforced with CCDia Fiberspeed diamond plating material was drilled. 500 holes [23]. In the manufacturing process, the new Airbus A400M military transport aircraft has to drill a number of 10mm diameter rivet holes to rive the wing skin and truss, both of which are made of new carbon fiber reinforced plastic. Originally, the use of uncoated drill bits for drilling, the workpiece peeling phenomenon, and the requirements of high tolerance accuracy are not achieved. The problem was solved with a CVD diamond plated drill bit [24].
30. The application of single crystal diamond in the high-end technology field has developed the world's smallest ultra-precision diamond cutting tool, which is made of single crystal diamond. The key to high-precision 3D shape processing and mirror processing is the sharp and durable wear-resistant blade. The smoothness and contour accuracy of the blade are very strict. The smoothness of the blade is nanometer-scale. The radius is only about 10 nanometers. The miniature ultra-precision diamond cutting tools currently used, including micro-super-fine diamond cutting tools, are used to form square end mills with free curvature and ultra-fine grooves for three-dimensional surface micro-pits and arbitrary curvature surfaces. Machining super-precision micro-spherical end mills for cutting and straight-cutting ultra-fine groove cutting tools [25], in addition to jet-throat tubes for high-pressure hydrojet cutting devices made of synthetic single crystal diamonds [26] And micro-optical components made of single crystal diamond.
31. Diamond is a symbol of truth, goodness and beauty. She represents love, beauty, rights and wealth. The diamond is not crystal clear, and has the luster of fire, she is the most pleasing gem. Diamond is also the most chemically inert. She is not easy to get dust, nor is it eroded by acid and alkali. Even if it is preserved for a long time, it can be as complete as new, so it has the reputation of being a gem. For most people, diamonds represent not the most useful materials, but the most expensive gems, with unparalleled charm. Diamonds were thought to have many mysterious effects in the past. The generals often want to be blessed in the battlefield, and the patients will also use diamonds to ward off evil or medical substances. In 1953, Hollywood actress Marilyn Monroe sang: "Our youthful charm will eventually disappear. Only those beautiful diamonds will always be brilliant, and diamonds are the best friends of women." The publicity effect is amazing. In 2000, 80% of Westerners used diamonds as a token of sentiment. In 1967, De Beers also promoted diamond wedding rings in Germany, Japan and Brazil. Modern people also regard diamonds as a symbol of Romance, thinking that she can continue love or consolidate marriage. After the wedding ring market became saturated, De Beers pushed the charm of diamonds to the Eternal Rings for Anniversaries, for example, as a symbol of men's achievements. In 2003, De Beers also played the idea of ​​unmarried women. “Right-hand ring” emphasizes that independent single women wearing a diamond ring on their right hand will have individuality confidence [28]. However, people who have a little knowledge of science know that diamonds are a kind of stabilizing substance. When diamonds burn at high temperatures, they will die like smoke. What's more, diamonds are easily broken, so it is not enough to guarantee love. But even so, many people around the world every day show their loyalty to the diamond. It is no wonder that as the sales of diamond wedding rings increase, the divorce rate has also increased. This is a topic related to improving the connotation of people's lives, and it is also a huge business opportunity for diamonds.
In order to seize this opportunity, since 1999, a US company, Gemesis, has used the technology and equipment developed by the Russian and Florida universities to produce gem-quality synthetic diamonds of consistent quality, weighing 1.5 to 2.0 carats, mostly yellow and brownish yellow. Green and colorless and transparent. Another company, Apollo Diamond, has developed gem-quality synthetic diamonds by chemical vapor deposition. The gem-quality synthetic diamond produced by this method is extremely pure, without any flaws, and is difficult to distinguish from natural diamond [29].
Looking ahead, the production of large single crystal diamonds is likely to reach 10 to 100 carats, and will be used for important applications in large cutting tools, nozzles, wire drawing dies, and radiators. High purity large single crystal diamonds will likely be used in the manufacture of large substrates in the electronics and optics fields. The large single crystal diamond anvil can be used in a new generation of high pressure test equipment for new material synthesis and basic research. Large single crystal diamonds can also be fabricated for high-strength optical windows for dynamic compression testing, for windows in certain environments in very environmental applications, and for materials for studying nuclear fusion energy.
Finally, I want to use "the same brilliant and colorful diamond world, the same dream of diamonds, let us use wisdom and hard work to jointly build a beautiful future of the diamond era and realize the highest aspirations and goals of human pursuit of material civilization!" Let's end the slogan of this article! Let's fight with colleagues! The dawn of diamonds is rising. I can't see it this day, but I firmly believe that this day will come.

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Source: China Superhard Materials Network Consultant Wang Guangzu